Previous studies have investigated the attenuation of 2. 4 GHz radio waves and vegetation. and generated a model to predict RF loss in response to the effective water path (EWP) of both packed leaves and whole tree canopies. Owing to the absence of phase information in the radio signal strength (RSS) it is not possible to directly invert the model to elicit EWP. https://www.rawafricaonline.com/