IntroductionSustainable agricultural practices for controlling crop pests are urgently needed to reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides. which have long-term detrimental effects on ecosystems. In this study. we assessed the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vermicompost (Vc) supplementation. https://www.fitnessgravesyardes.shop/product-category/handle-setsleeve/